The great Himalayan National Park conservation area (ghnpca), a UNESCO world heritage site, is one of the most important protected areas in the Himalayas, one of the world’s great biological realms. The book is intended both as a history and an ecological overview of the park as well as a plea for continuing conservation of the rich legacy of Himalayan plants and animals. In addition to descriptions of the ecology, the book includes local history and Culture and a review of current development in the region. The inscription of the park into the UNESCO world heritage list in 2014 confirmed the outstanding universal values of the area, which contains the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of Western Himalayan biological diversity. The pictures, taken by the authors and their collaborators, vividly illustrate the grandeur and diversity of the area. The book has universal appeal: to naturalists, scholars, resource managers, trekkers, arm-chair traveller. Success and failure along the road to creating today’s Park are discussed frankly to inform future management efforts and there are numerous examples of conservation in action that will motivate a new generation of naturalists and ecologists to continue the fight to protect the ecology of the greatest mountains on Earth.