‘Buddha or Karl Marx,’ written by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, explores a comparative study of the ideas proposed by Gautama, the Buddha and Karl Marx. The text was first published in 1987 as part of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar's Writings and Speeches, Vol. 3, and later reprinted by the Dr. Ambedkar Foundation in 2014.Here are some key points from the essay:1. Dr. Ambedkar attempts to investigate the failings of Indian society, particularly in regards to caste discrimination, by comparing the teachings of Buddha and Marx.2. Ambedkar highlights how the Buddha's teachings focus on individual enlightenment and the abolition of private property, which could lead to a more equal society akin to modern-day communism.He contrasts this with Marx's theory of ‘Scientific Socialism,’ which involves violent means such as the dictatorship of the proletariat.4. The essay delves into the means proposed by both figures, with Buddha emphasizing personal ethics and moral conduct, while Marx advocates for revolutionary violence and dictatorship.5. Ambedkar ultimately argues that Buddha's teachings, emphasizing a casteless society and individual enlightenment, are more relevant and appropriate for India compared to Marx's ideas.While Dr. Ambedkar's opinions are prevalent in the text and may seem biased towards Buddhist teachings, the essay provides an intriguing perspective on the comparison between Buddha and Marx. It encourages readers to rethink both Marxist discourse and Buddhist philosophy in the context of equality and societal change.